What does vertical integration planning refer to?

Vertical integration planning refers to a comprehensive approach that involves coordination and collaboration among different levels of government and various stakeholders from local to federal agencies. This planning approach ensures that emergency management strategies and responses are aligned across all levels, facilitating better resource allocation, communication, and overall effectiveness in managing emergencies.

By engaging individuals and organizations at every tier of government, from local authorities to national agencies, vertical integration helps create a unified response framework that addresses the complexities of emergency situations. This multi-tiered strategy allows for a more cohesive and efficient response to disasters, ensuring that all relevant entities are involved and informed, leading to improved outcomes during emergencies.

The other options suggest limitations to planning either within a single organization, among organizations without a hierarchical structure, or restrict planning to just state and local levels. These perspectives do not capture the full scope and critical importance of including federal input and coordination in emergency management processes.